1.1 BUTTON

<input type=button onClick="parent.location='1_aktuelt-ramme-clinch.html'"   value='tilbage til Clinch' font type=times />

When in the onclick attribute you do not need to specify is javascript.

<button type="button" 
        onclick="window.open('', '_self', ''); window.close();">Discard</button>

This one works.
For the music examples site on Hazaramusic.org I testedused another suggestion

<input type="button" value='X'  class="stylebutton" onClick="self.close()">

In IOS browser Puffin the pop-up window close button close not only the pop-up window,
but also the parent window, acting as as the ordinary browser 'window-close' (X), and opens a previous window.